The South China Sea (SCS), a vital marine region supporting rich biodiversity, productive fisheries, and extensive coral reefs, faces growing threats from marine heat waves (MHWs). While surface MHWs have drawn attention, subsurface events—intense warming below the ocean surface—during boreal winter have been less studied, yet they can disrupt deeper-dwelling species and ecosystem stability in this semi-enclosed sea. [...]
At Empa, an interdisciplinary research institute for materials science and technology within the ETH Domain, researchers are working on ways to kill harmful bacteria and viruses. In the Nanomaterials in Health Lab, headed by Peter Wick, scientists are studying how highly specialized materials interact with the human body, the health risks they pose and their potential to tackle a variety of medical issues. [...]
If your great-grandparents ever saw "The Scream," they probably experienced a slightly different painting than the one we see today. Edvard Munch used materials that make his paintings vulnerable to the ravages of time. A new digital tool now shows how much "The Scream" may change over the next 300 years. [...]
Natural fibers promoted as sustainable alternatives to plastic, including cotton and wool, have been found preserved in a U.K. lake for more than a century—challenging assumptions that they quickly biodegrade in the environment. For the study, researchers from Keele University and Loughborough University recovered textile fibers from a 150-year sediment record from Rudyard Lake in Staffordshire. Lying less than three miles from the historic mill town of Leek, once a center of the country's textile industry, Rudyard Lake sits downstream of a significant site of industrial-era manufacturing activity. [...]
Scientists have developed a new material that can use sunlight and water to convert carbon dioxide (CO₂) into carbon monoxide (CO)—a key building block for making fuels, plastics, pharmaceuticals and other everyday chemicals. The finding could support the development of future technologies that recycle greenhouse gases to make fuels and useful chemicals more sustainably, using nothing more than light and water. [...]
Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges in the present times. Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere are a major factor contributing to this phenomenon. Activities such as the burning of fossil fuels for daily use, like electricity and transportation, and industrial applications, release significant amounts of CO2, trapping the heat at excessive levels and contributing to global warming. [...]
Today, most of the salmon consumed in Japan is imported from countries like Chile and Norway, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. But just two decades ago, Japanese chum salmon made up a much larger share of domestic salmon consumption. Their numbers have declined sharply in recent years, and new research from Hokkaido University suggests that this decline may be linked to the loss of their natural habitats along their migratory routes. [...]
Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) have created a new and unusual state of matter—known as a supersolid—by engineering how light and matter interact inside a nanoscale device. The work, published in Nature Nanotechnology, demonstrates that this exotic quantum phase can exist at room temperature, overcoming a long-standing limitation in the field. [...]
The cactus on your windowsill may grow slowly, but new research shows that cacti are surprisingly fast at creating new species. Biologists have long thought that pollinators and specialized flowers drive the formation of new plant species. But scientists at the University of Reading have found that in cacti, the secret lies in how quickly flowers change shape, rather than how big the flowers grow or which animal pollinates them. [...]
Inside a diseased cell, the genes are in chaos. Some are receiving signals to overproduce a protein. Others are reducing activity to abnormal levels. Up is down and down is up. The right molecule could restore order, reversing dysregulation in specific genes. But finding the ideal compound could require examining millions of chemicals for their influence on hundreds or thousands of genes. [...]
An interdisciplinary team of authors from Canada, Austria, the U.S. and Germany has outlined how immuno-epidemiology and individual decision-making on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can be understood jointly in the future—and which data are still missing—in a perspective article published in the journal Trends in Microbiology. [...]
Birds play a larger role in the dispersal of wild cotton than previously assumed. This is shown by a study in the journal Oikos, carried out in southern Africa. Researchers discovered that birds actively collect wild cotton as nesting material and in doing so move seeds over distances of more than a kilometer. Cotton fibers were long seen as something that evolved to disperse seeds by wind, but birds also take them to their nests and in this way help disperse the seeds much further. [...]
Fashion insiders and beauty magazines have long cited the "20-year-rule"—the idea that clothing trends often resurface every two decades. According to Northwestern University scientists, that observation isn't just anecdotal. It's a mathematical reality. [...]
Piezoelectric materials, which convert mechanical stress into electricity and vice versa, are essential components in sensors, actuators, and energy-harvesting devices. However, the best piezoelectric materials, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), are toxic because they contain lead—prompting a search for lead-free alternatives. [...]
Going to the grocery store these days can be a painful experience, with record-high price hikes biting into Canadian food budgets. However, as many societies around the world already know, a cheap, plentiful source of protein is literally at our feet: insects, especially crickets, grasshoppers, ants and beetles. While entomophagy—the eating of insects—has lagged in the U.S. and Canada, a new study by Concordia researchers has found that there is some interest in the dietary practice, with some demographic groups showing more openness than others. The paper is published in Scientific Reports. [...]
A unique collection of prehistoric bowhead whale bones, dating back 11,000 years, reveals a previously untold story of the relative impacts of humans on nature. The time series of ancient fossils show that commercial hunting of bowhead whales, which spanned 400 years and ceased less than a century ago in 1931, has left irreversible destructive traces in the species' genetics. This could have serious consequences for the long-term vulnerability of the species. [...]
The Indo-Pacific is the largest marine biogeographical region on Earth and a global center of marine biodiversity. Nevertheless, there are gaps remaining in our understanding of the diversity, distribution, and endemism of many animal groups in this vast area, especially in relation to sponges. This knowledge is crucial, however, to our ability to record and evaluate changes in biodiversity over the long term. [...]
It's said that statistics don't lie, but they often don't tell the whole truth, either. A Cornell statistics expert has come up with a method he believes can boost statistical power and significantly reduce bias—vital for research involving outcomes that differ by socioeconomics, race, sex and other variables. [...]
Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter worldwide. Trillions are discarded every year in cities, parks, beaches, along railway tracks and roadside environments. Despite their small size, these remnants of smoked cigarettes represent a persistent form of pollution because their filters are made primarily of cellulose acetate—a plastic polymer derived from natural cellulose and highly resistant to environmental degradation and produced as tightly packed microscopic fibers. [...]
Scientists at Caltech have figured out how to precisely engineer tiny three-dimensional (3D) metallic pieces with nanoscale dimensions. The process can work with any metal or metal alloy and yields components of surprising strength despite having a porous and defect-ridden microstructure, making it potentially useful in a wide range of applications, including medical devices, computer chips, and equipment needed for space missions. [...]
Australian scientists have made a significant leap forward in energy storage technology with the world's first proof-of-concept quantum battery. Similar to conventional batteries, this quantum version charges, stores and discharges energy—and is the first to do so. [...]
How does fine dust aggregate into building blocks that ultimately form entire planets like our Earth? A research team led by the University of Bern, with the participation of ETH Zurich, the University of Zurich and the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) PlanetS has provided the first experimental evidence—obtained during parabolic flights in zero gravity—that a key physical process, known as shear-flow instability, actually occurs under conditions similar to those in planet formation regions. The study thus addresses an important gap in our understanding of the very first steps of planet formation. [...]
Research from the Department of Environmental Health Sciences explores how common sunscreen ingredients behave under light exposure. Led by associate professor Eric Vejerano, the team tested seven commercially available sunscreens (including four mineral-based formulas) and found that every sample produced persistent free radicals (PFRs) when exposed to artificial light. The study, published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, provides new insight into sunscreen photochemistry and may help guide future evaluations of product performance and safety. [...]
Humans really do rule the world. We took over fast and far, more than any other wild vertebrates. We inhabit nearly every corner of the world, and can thrive in deserts, tropical rainforests and even extremely cold climates. But how? Scientists say we did it through not only biological evolution, but another system: cultural evolution. That is what makes us so special. [...]
Academic freedom continues to decline worldwide. Over the last decade, it has declined in 50 countries, while only nine countries have registered improvements. The countries that have experienced a decline include several democracies, such as the United States of America (U.S.), Greece, Finland, and Argentina. Globally, the most widespread declines are in individual academic freedom and in campus integrity. By contrast, fewer countries are experiencing declines in institutional autonomy. However, there are strong reasons to be concerned about attacks on universities' institutional autonomy. [...]
Skoltech researchers and their colleagues from KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, have created an important building block for future 6G communication technology, which will make wireless data transfer at superior transmission rates possible. The newly developed piece of the 6G puzzle is not a device component, but a carbon nanotube-based black paint of sorts that thoroughly absorbs electromagnetic radiation wherever its transmission would be detrimental. The study was published in Nature Communications. [...]
According to WHO, approximately 6% of the worldwide population who contract COVID-19—some 400 million people—go on to develop a long-lasting form of the disease. These figures demonstrate that the persistent form of the disease remains a problem and is a major public health challenge. In 2021, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, University of Louvain (UCLouvain, Belgium) and its hospital, the Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, launched a large-scale study to determine whether it is possible to predict, during the acute phase of infection, the development of long-term symptoms. [...]
Accurately measuring small shifts in biological markers, like proteins and neurotransmitters, or harmful chemicals in the water supply, can identify critical problems before they have a chance to impact patients or the environment. While some existing sensors can monitor the microscopic matter behind these issues, they often have limitations. A primary example is a device known as a field-effect transistor—a tiny component that controls the flow of electrical current in a system—that struggles to remain stable when exposed to liquid. [...]
A study clarifies the date of an important technological milestone: the adoption of the bow and arrow in western North America. The replacement of older weapons by bows and arrows occurred independently in several prehistoric cultures. Briggs Buchanan and colleagues explore this transition in western North America, where the bow replaced the atlatl and dart as the primary hunting technology. The study is published in PNAS Nexus. [...]
Substances capable of mutating human genetic material—altering and permanently damaging it—are present in many everyday products. Researchers at Justus Liebig University Giessen (JLU) have, for the first time, detected mutagens and concurrently cytotoxic substances in food, meat, smoke flavorings, personal care products, and even water. [...]